The Relationship Between Hypothyroidism and Obesity
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Abstract
Clinical problems of obesity and hypothyroidism often co-occur. The significance of this correlation has increased against the background of a remarkable global increase in the incidence of obesity. Numerous studies show a link between thyroid issues and obesity. This research set out to assess, in relation to a control group, the impact of thyroid hormones on the levels of adipokine (leptin) and lipid profile in individuals with hypothyroidism. The current research included 60 healthy controls of the same age and 120 male Iraqi patients with hypothyroidism problems, ages ranging from 25 to 55. Serum samples were collected from the Tikrit Teaching Hospital between January 1st and March 29th, 2024. To measure thyroid hormones (TSH, T4, and T3), the ELFA method was used. The levels of leptin in the blood were measured using kits for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A spectrophotometer was used to assess the lipid profile of serum samples. The findings showed that, in comparison to the control group, patients with hypothyroidism had significantly higher blood leptin levels. On the other hand, it was shown that in comparison to the control group, hypothyroid individuals had higher levels of triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL. In contrast to those with hypothyroidism, the control group had higher HDL values. According to Pearson's correlation analysis, leptin and T3 and T4 had significant negative correlations; TSH and leptin had a non-significant positive correlation; cholesterol, TG, VLDL, and LDL levels had negative correlations with T3 and T4 hormones, respectively; and HDL level had a positive correlation with T3 and T4 hormones. The current study reveals a complex relationship between thyroid hormones, adipokines—particularly leptin—and the lipid profile. It seems that leptin influences the thyroid hormones' negative feedback loop, which is the basis for the link between the hormone and the thyroid gland. Because TSH stimulates the TSH-receptor on adipocytes, it directly affects the release of leptin. However, the connection between hypothyroidism and storage fat cells may arise from its effects on metabolism. The new research provides evidence that blood levels of TSH and leptin, respectively, are related in males with hypothyroidism and in obese people.
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References
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